pH measurement in ultrapure water: correctly handling low conductivity and unstable readings
A pH electrode is immersed in freshly produced ultrapure water. The measuring instrument has been...
Measuring dew point in high-pressure hydrogen: correctly accounting for sample pressure reduction and pressure dependence
The residual moisture in a hydrogen system is to be monitored. The H₂ in the...
SITRANS FMS100 in plastic or lined pipes: correctly implementing grounding and equipotential bonding
A SITRANS FMS100 is installed in a plastic pipeline. The flow is stable, the pipe...
Reusing a Dynisco sensor after removal: checking thread, diaphragm and sealing surface before reinstallation
A Dynisco melt pressure sensor is removed from the extruder during maintenance. At first glance,...
Change-of-Value instead of a fixed transmission interval: choosing the right deadband for slowly changing measured values
A pressure sensor provides a new measured value every second. However, the process changes only...
Shunt heats up under load: considering temperature coefficient and cooling as measurement errors
A DC circuit is monitored using a measuring shunt. Immediately after switch-on, the measuring instrument...
Measuring the contact resistance of circuit breakers: test current, measuring points and reproducible contacting
During maintenance of a three-pole circuit breaker, the contact resistances of all three poles are...
Selecting the right reference for tyre inflator pressure gauges: matching measuring range, accuracy and resolution to the test tolerance
A tyre inflator pressure gauge with a typical operating range of a few bar is...
NDIR CO₂ measurement in humid process gas: taking water vapour, pressure and sample conditioning into account
The CO₂ concentration in a process line is to be determined using an NDIR measuring...
Stabilizing weighing electronics after switch-on: correctly assessing the warm-up time of amplifier and load cell
An industrial scale is switched on in the morning. Immediately afterwards, it indicates, for example,...