Dose Rate Measurement of Pulsed X-Ray Radiation: Correctly Evaluating Pulse Duration and Detector Response
A dose rate meter displays: 2.8 mSv/h next to a pulsed X-ray source. The measuring...
OPC UA or MQTT for Measurement Data: Comparing Data Models, Communication Direction and IT/OT Integration
A pressure sensor provides: 6.42 bar A temperature sensor reports: 78.3 °C and a vibration...
Catalytic LEL Sensor in Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres: Why Combustible Gases Can Be Indicated Too Low
A portable gas detector indicates: 5 % LEL for a combustible gas. At the same...
Selecting a Contact Pressure Gauge Correctly: Match Switching Contact, Switching Capacity and Hysteresis to the Application
A pressure gauge on a machine should not only display the current pressure. At: 6...
Distinguishing Protective Conductor Current, Differential Current and Touch Current: Selecting the Correct Measurement Method for Electrical Equipment Testing
An electrical device is tested as part of a periodic inspection. The protective conductor resistance...
Voltage Drop in DC Laboratory Power Supplies: Correctly Size Cable Cross-Section, Load Current and Voltage Regulation
The laboratory power supply is set to: 24,0 V DC. The connected device under test...
Selecting a Battery Backup Charger for 24 V Systems: Battery Type, Charging Characteristic and Temperature Compensation
A 24 V control system needs to continue operating for another hour in the event...
Operating an IIoT Gateway Securely: Correctly Implement Certificates, VPN and User Rights in OT Networks
A new IIoT gateway is installed in the control cabinet. The connection to the MQTT...
Weighing SF₆ Gas Cylinders: Reliably Document Filling Quantity, Tare and Remaining Capacity
An SF₆ gas cylinder still indicates an apparently sufficient pressure. Nevertheless, it remains unclear: How...
Positioning a Radiation Area Monitor: Correctly Plan Probe Location, Shielding and Alarm Transmission
A stationary radiation monitor has been installed, the probe is functioning and the alarm thresholds...