Measuring Compressed Air Consumption in a Ring Main: Consider Flow Direction, Reverse Flow and the Correct Measuring Point
A compressed air consumption meter indicates: 1.250 Nm³/h. Does this automatically represent the consumption of...
Überfüllsicherung im Tank: Grenzschalter unabhängig von der kontinuierlichen Füllstandmessung planen
Ein Tank besitzt bereits eine kontinuierliche Füllstandmessung. Der Messumformer liefert: 4 … 20 mA an...
Calibrating Force Transducers in Tension and Compression: Correctly Using Rod Ends, Alignment and Preload
A force transducer is installed in a testing machine. The reference value is: 10,000 kN...
Testing Batteries Correctly: Systematically Evaluating Voltage, Internal Resistance, Capacity and Electrolyte Density
A stationary battery system is still operating. At first glance, the block voltages appear normal....
Industrial Scale for Process or Legal-for-Trade Applications: Correctly Distinguishing Resolution, Weighing Range and Approval
An industrial scale is required to weigh components up to: 50 kg. The user requires:...
Aligning an In-Situ Gas Analyzer: Controlling Dust, Purge Gas and Optical Path Length as Sources of Error
An in-situ laser gas analyzer is installed directly on a flue gas or process duct....
Loading a Calibration Bath with Multiple Probes: Consider Homogeneity, Stirring Action and Mutual Thermal Influence
A calibration bath is set to: 100.00 °C. A reference probe and one device under...
Dose Rate Measurement of Pulsed X-Ray Radiation: Correctly Evaluating Pulse Duration and Detector Response
A dose rate meter displays: 2.8 mSv/h next to a pulsed X-ray source. The measuring...
OPC UA or MQTT for Measurement Data: Comparing Data Models, Communication Direction and IT/OT Integration
A pressure sensor provides: 6.42 bar A temperature sensor reports: 78.3 °C and a vibration...
Catalytic LEL Sensor in Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres: Why Combustible Gases Can Be Indicated Too Low
A portable gas detector indicates: 5 % LEL for a combustible gas. At the same...